AI models repeatedly write stories about Elias and lighthouses

Oct 19, 2026
Cornell researchers found that major language models often produce similar fictional stories featuring lighthouses, keepers and characters named Elias.

Researchers at Cornell University found that large language models often produce similar fictional stories featuring lighthouses and a keeper named Elias, as detailed in a university news post. Nearly 90% of the stories contained at least one of 11 recurring words, while more than half mentioned a lighthouse.

The researchers generated 20,000 stories using ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and the Allen Institute for AI's OLMo. The models repeatedly used names such as Elias, Mara and Elara, along with professions including keeper, baker and mayor and settings such as lighthouses and workshops.

The researchers said mode collapse could explain the pattern, with models defaulting to similar themes after training on overlapping datasets. They also found a small group of conversations involving Elias and lighthouses in WildChat, a Cornell dataset containing one million conversations between people and ChatGPT, but have not established a definitive cause.

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